此图表提供了直接转矩C子公司结算流程的高级概述, 存管信托公司(直接转矩)和国家证券结算公司(NSCC). 图形是交互式的, 使用户能够获得通过直接转矩结算的各种类型输入的信息, the processing involved and how the actual end-of-天结算 process works.
在金融行业, 结算通常是指在一项交易中向卖方支付款项和向买方转让证券. It’s the final step in the lifecycle of a securities transaction.
直接转矩 is the central securities depository for equity securities, 比如普通股, as well as 市政和公司债务 securities, 包括 money market instruments. It's the central hub where all securities positions are held 在美国.S. 直接转矩处理其他类型的证券交易,如机构交割, stock loans and financing transactions, 包括 the pledging of securities to the Federal Reserve, commercial 银行 or the Options Clearing Corporation. These transactions are settled at 直接转矩. 直接转矩 and NSCC transactions are settled collectively at the 结束 the day, 将客户在直接转矩和NSCC的结算余额合并为一个单一的义务.
直接转矩, 作为所有权益的保管人, 市政和公司债务, 包括 money market securities, 在美国.S., 接收来自各种组织的指令,每天23小时处理安全人员的移动, 每周5天的处理窗口. The key providers of these movements include NSCC, Omgeo, 直接转矩C子公司, 客户供应商, clients themselves and issuing agents.
Each transaction that 直接转矩 receives has its own processing characteristics. For example, certain movements require a deliverer to authorize the delivery. For Continuous Net Settlement (CNS), a delivery needs to only have a subset of the securities complete. 在特殊情况下,一些客户希望某些事务先于其他事务发生. 这些规则, as well as the basic 直接转矩 requirements to complete a transaction, such as ensuring the deliverer has enough shares in its account, 全部通过库存管理系统(IMS)和账户事务处理器(ATP)进行管理。. (请注意:所有交付与货币(有价交付)也必须在证券移动之前通过直接转矩的风险控制. Please see “ATP” for a description of risk controls).
Settlement at 直接转矩 occurs business day at approximately 4:15 p.m. 东部标准时间. 这是指现金通过纽约联邦储备银行,代表当天处理和完成的所有交易. 这些现金流动通过代表他们账户的结算银行以及选择通过他们结算的经纪人来实现. The money associated with the movement of more than 1.每天大约有70笔交易通过美联储的国家结算服务(NSS)完成300万笔交易.
作为直接转矩C的子公司, 美国国家证券结算公司(NSCC)是美国外汇交易的中央对手方.S., providing clearing services for virtually all broker-to-broker equity, 美国上市公司和市政债券以及单位投资信托交易.S. 股票市场. 直接转矩, serving as the Central Securities Depository, 接收由澳门赌场发出的指示,根据澳门赌场提供的结算服务转移客户的证券头寸. 直接转矩促进了包括CNS在内的各种NSCC服务的证券入账运动, ACATs, Balance Orders and Obligation Warehouse transactions. For additional details on any of these services, or to see a complete list of NSCC service offerings, please refer to NSCC’s product page.
P&I Cash 处理 interacts with over 7,000 paying agents and issuers annually to facilitate the allocation of P&I entitlements to 直接转矩 participants on the scheduled payment date. 现金分配, 直接转矩 provides additional services related to tracking for stock loan, 回购和失败交易. 直接转矩还为其成员提供了获得股息再投资的机会, 用外币支付, and tax relief at-source for tax withheld on dividends paid on non-U.S. 问题. 有资格获得这项服务的证券包括有资格存管但由直接转矩由当地托管人和存管人保管的外国股票.
直接转矩根据直接从客户和/或其服务提供商处收到的指示行事. 直接转矩代表其客户处理的主要交易类型包括交付订单(包括股票贷款和回报), bank-to-broker customer transfers, 等.), Payment Orders and Collateral Loans.
新发行资格计划允许承销商和其他直接转矩参与者提交新证券和二级证券发行的资格申请. 一旦直接转矩做出资格决定并接受证券的存管和入账服务, the securities can be distributed quickly and efficiently. 然后,这些证券可用于直接转矩的全部存款和入账服务. 高层管理人员, 承销商, 作为直接转矩参与者的配售代理和其他市场参与者可以使用该服务. 除了, firms that are not direct participants but maintain a clearing relationship with a 直接转矩 participant can use the service as a correspondent; however, 将证券引入直接转矩的参与者仍对其账户内的所有活动负责.
资格程序提高了资本市场的效率,并通过使合格的证券能够分发,降低了行业的成本, settled and serviced through 直接转矩’s automated processes. 直接转矩的直通式处理通过自动化和标准化降低了行业风险.
有14种货币市场工具(mmi)有资格在直接转矩结算,其中包括公司商业票据, 市政商业票据, 中期票据, Institutional Certificates of Deposits and several others. 商业票据的到期日最短,从发行和到期的角度来看是最活跃的,因为它允许公司发行人在必要时确定他们每天的现金流量需求. Key participants in the MMI space include:
Omgeo机构交付(ID)交易是在经纪人和投资经理(IM)或IM的托管人之间进行“交易匹配”的交付. These “institutional” deliveries represent the buys and sells for institutions, 比如共同基金和养老基金, 等.; however, since IMs aren’t participants of 直接转矩, these transactions are processed between the IM’s custodian and broker.
IMS为客户的未来日期的事务提供了一个仓库和暂存区.g.、Omgeo快递). 除了, for current and future-dated transactions, 客户机可以使用IMS来确定它们希望如何尝试这些事务以进行交付和交付的优先级, 对于某些交易, the authorization of the delivery or receipt of a transaction.
The Account Transaction Processor (ATP) is one of the U.S. 安防行业最关键的交易处理系统,并一直是直接转矩的核心账簿和记录超过30年. 这个关键任务应用程序维护了行业参与者的地位和风险管理控制.S. 市场. The two main 直接转矩 risk management controls are the collateral monitor, 如何确保直接转矩参与者以现金或证券的形式持有足够的抵押品来支付他们的借方余额, 净借记上限, 如何确保直接付款结算公司有足够的流动资金,在直接付款结算公司参与者未能支付其结算日义务的情况下完成EOD结算. ATP processes all 结算 related security movements between counterparties, 包括 NSCC’s Continuous Net Settlement Service. ATP每年处理超过3.5亿笔交易,价值超过142万亿美元,并为对账和报告提供活动审计跟踪.
允许参与者指示直接转矩自动尝试重新交付未处理的事务.e.(如因头寸不足或风险管理控制不足而放弃交易).
Within the 直接转矩C’s Continuous Net System, 通常称为“CNS”,“NSCC作为清算和结算几乎所有经纪人对经纪人股权的中央对手方, 公司和市政债券以及单位投资信托在美国的交易. CNS settles trades from the major exchanges, markets and other sources 在美国.S. 并在每个证券,每个客户,每个结算日期将这些交易纳入一个头寸. 通常,澳门金沙城中心的贸易担保将附加到CNS交易,达到验证点.“CNS流程包括一个自动入账会计系统,该系统集中结算,并保持安全和资金余额的有序流动.
结算进度付款(仕达屋优先计划)是客户利用美联储的电汇流程为其直接转矩账户提供资金的即日汇款.
接近或已经达到其净借记上限的客户可以通过将资金电汇到直接转矩在美联储的账户(如果电汇编码正确)来缓解交易阻塞并继续接收交付,随后避免交易回收. 一旦收到,直接转矩将自动将资金应用到客户的直接转矩账户.
许可证 must be received by approximately 3:10 p.m. 东部标准时间,以解除任何交易,因为净借记上限或抵押品不足,在他们的账户. 许可证 can be requested back by the client up until 3:00 p.m. as long as this transaction passes 直接转矩’s risk controls.
直接转矩和NSCC将客户全天处理的各种交易的借方和贷方发送到结算系统中. 大约下午3点45分.m. 东部标准时间, 直接转矩不再允许这些数字改变,它公布了每个客户的净直接转矩和NSCC法人实体借记或贷记的最终数字. 直接转矩’s 结算 系统 rolls up these balances to a client’s settling bank. 每家结算银行将确认提交的净余额或拒绝代表客户结算. Once all settling bank balances have been acknowledged, 直接转矩, through the Federal Reserve’s Net Settlement Service (NSS), will post the applicable net-net debit or credit to the settling 银行. 被结算行拒绝结算的商号对其结算义务负有主要责任, which they must satisfy via Fedwire. Once all payments are confirmed by the Federal Reserve, 结算 is complete.
直接转矩和NSCC将客户全天处理的各种交易的借方和贷方发送到结算系统中. 大约下午3点45分.m. 东部标准时间, 直接转矩不再允许这些数字改变,它公布了每个客户的净直接转矩和NSCC法人实体借记或贷记的最终数字. 直接转矩’s 结算 系统 rolls up these balances to a client’s settling bank. 每家结算银行将确认提交的净余额或拒绝代表客户结算. Once all settling bank balances have been acknowledged, 直接转矩, through the Federal Reserve’s Net Settlement Service (NSS), will post the applicable net-net debit or credit to the settling 银行. 被结算行拒绝结算的商号对其结算义务负有主要责任, which they must satisfy via Fedwire. Once all payments are confirmed by the Federal Reserve, 结算 is complete.
直接转矩和NSCC将客户全天处理的各种交易的借方和贷方发送到结算系统中. 大约下午3点45分.m. 东部标准时间, 直接转矩不再允许这些数字改变,它公布了每个客户的净直接转矩和NSCC法人实体借记或贷记的最终数字. 直接转矩’s 结算 系统 rolls up these balances to a client’s settling bank. 每家结算银行将确认提交的净余额或拒绝代表客户结算. Once all settling bank balances have been acknowledged, 直接转矩, through the Federal Reserve’s Net Settlement Service (NSS), will post the applicable net-net debit or credit to the settling 银行. 被结算行拒绝结算的商号对其结算义务负有主要责任, which they must satisfy via Fedwire. Once all payments are confirmed by the Federal Reserve, 结算 is complete.